Saturday, January 25, 2020
Supply Chain Management in Tourism
Supply Chain Management in Tourism The integration of key business processes from end users through original suppliers that provides products, services and information that add value for customers and other stake holders. Supply chain management (SCM) is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the operations of the supply chain as efficiently as possible. Supply Chain Management spans all movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point-of-origin to point-of-consumption. (wikipedia.com) SCM in tourism will start from planning of a product, identifying the different sectors to be included in the complete tourism product and also, in each sector of the product, The management of the raw material , inventory of raw material and delivery of the services. Tourism: An industry Tourism denotes the temporary, short term movement of people to destination outside the place where they normally live and work and their activities during their stay at these destinations. Tourism is a multi segment industry. It is an industry where the products are consumed on the spot forming invisible exports. It is also a fragmented industry with high complexity due to the price sensitive nature of demand and the intangibility, perish ability and inseparability. Tourism, like all other supply chains, operates through business-to-business relationships, and supply chain management can be applied to deliver sustainability performance improvements alongside financial performance, by working to improve the business operations of each supplier in the supply chain. The main differences between tourism supply chains and those of other sectors are that tourists travel to the product, and the product that they buy has a particularly high service component in other words, it involves a higher proportion of people in the immediate production of the holiday experience. Supply Chain Management in tourism The aim of supply chain management is to eliminate waste in the chain and to improve the customer service. The elimination of waste for example waiting time, inventory and production of non-requested products leads to lower costs. The improved customer service by means of, interlinked processes, lead to preferred suppliers and to a bigger turnover. All this leads to higher productivity (more income/ less costs). In tourism it plays a very important role to deliver the quality service with minimum gaps or reduced gaps. Shortened product life cycles, increased competition, and heightened expectations of customers have forced many leading edge companies to move from physical logistic management towards more advanced supply chain management. Therefore, in many cases, the only possible way to further reduce costs and lead times is with effective supply chain management. In addition to cost reduction, the supply chain management approach also facilitates customer service improvements. It enables the management of inventories, transportation systems and whole distribution networks so that organizations are able meet or even exceed their customers expectations. Tourism supply chains involve many components not just accommodation, transport and excursions, but also bars and restaurants, handicrafts, food production, waste disposal, and the infrastructure that supports tourism in destinations. These all form a part of the holiday product that is expected by tourists when they purchase holidays, quality, depends on performance at all the links in the tourism supply chain. A further aspect of the tourism supply chain is the activities of customers while on holiday, particularly in relation to their behavior, and what they source for themselves in particular situations. The main strategies in any supply chain are sourcing strategy, distribution strategy, inventory strategy, manufacturing strategy, customer service strategy and the strategy of integration. Tourism comprises of different industries product and service like of Hotels, accommodation, transport, destination etc. SCM strategies can be modified to suit the nature of the product. Sourcing Strategy -Sourcing mainly constitutes Make or buy decision Manufacturing management Capacity Management Make or buy decision: Services can be delivered directly or can be outsourced/Co-Sourced as done by Thomas Cook a reputed name in providing tourism services. Thomas Cook implemented strategic sourcing arrangement with Accenture by outsourcing its Back-Office activities. Through this model they were able to improve operations and reduce its cost, by US $ 243.72 million in just 16 months. Manufacturing management: In tourism, manufacturing component is limited only to certain sectors like food and craft, memento, gifts etc. Services are processed at each stage in the tourism. For example, in transport sector at airport different services like visa and immigration processing, waiting time etc are processed to deliver the maximum satisfaction to the travellers. At the destination the service is processed by providing safe environment and security to the tourists. Capacity Management: The tourism products are subject to instability of demand. Example during Muscat festival in Oman, the demand exceeds the supply in many of the sectors of tourism like in hotels and airlines. Airlines meet this excessive demand by increasing the capacity by introducing additional special flights at special rates. Distribution strategy In tourism industry, the distribution strategy has far reaching impact on the development of the industry. This makes it essential that the channel decisions are sound so that the beginning and end process of marketing are managed efficiently and effectively. A basic understanding of the structure and working of the distribution system in travel industry, including the middlemen who form the part of the system, is found essential to understand the Economics of the tourism industry. The current practices insist on four types of sales distribution of tourism as a product. One stage system: This system provides direct sales from primary suppliers of the services to consumers through its own reservation departments. E.g. airlines directly selling tickets to travellers through its reservation office. Two- stage system: This system involves single middlemen i.e travel agent. Three-stage system: This system involves two middlemen, retail travel agent and wholesaler or a tour operator. Four-stage system: This system involves a retail travel agent, wholesaler and additional middlemen known as Speciality Chancellor, who is instrumental in the development of tour packages. Inventory Strategy: An inventory of tourism products identifies the opportunities and constraints that a local authority has in attracting visitors to their town/ city/region. The number and range of attractions and activities, things visitors can see and do, are particularly important. Gaps in the product range and/or poor quality facilities will make places less attractive to visitors. In the same way lack of transport and accommodation will deter visitors from travelling to and stopping at the destination. Until an inventory of attractions, activities, accommodation and transport has been completed and this is matched with an understanding of visitor demand and Visitor satisfaction, destinations will be unsure whether they are meeting visitor expectations. In terms of prioritising tourism requirements, the attraction and activity sectors are the key areas. For Example, Tourist visit Switzerland for fun and excitement and it is the service provider that provides this opportunity to the tourists. Local government is often also, a key provider of visitor (and residents) theses attractions and amenities. Customer Service Strategy: The aim of the tour operator should be that he consistently makes the customers happy 100% of the time .Inconsistent service leads to customers not knowing what to expect. Customer service includes providing accommodation, flight details, and attractive tourist points. Employees are vital in this attempt to achieve consistently high customer service. Organisations must have the right systems in place in order to achieve their goals. If staff cannot take the right action when dealing with customers, the business will suffer. It is about five times as expensive to win over a new customer as it is to work with an existing one. Integration Strategy: Supply Chain integration Strategy links all the business entities in the supply chain. In tourism the tour operators act as producers as well as distributors. In an efficient supply chain, manufactures, suppliers, distribution channels and customers are linked in the form of a chain to develop and deliver products as a single organization of pooled skills and resources. Higher the integration process, greater is the success of supply chain system. Tour operator or service provider has to integrate all the services together effectively to design the preferred output to gain the competitive advantage. For effective supply chain management of tourism services, it is essential that different segments of product (tourism) are managed in tune with changing habits and desires of users. SCM in few of the important aspects of the tourism like accommodation, transport, food and crafts and destination are discussed briefly in this paper. Accommodation Accommodation facilities are found to be important aspect of Tourism product. For managing hotel services, at the very outset, the locational factors are found important. It is essential those hotels are easily accessible to the tourists sites or beaches or shop. The staff of the hotel should be trustworthy, well trained, and well versed with technology. Hilton Properties California manages their procurement and inventory using software application called Birch Street. There is need for development of Hotels of different Grades and categories to accommodate the tourists of all segments. The restaurants and cafeterias are also found to be image creators. The accessibility and comfort of user is important factor in satisfying experience. The place should be free from all industrial Hazards. The guests staying in hotel should be able to avail the facilities like Quality Bedrooms, conference halls, bars, shopping arcade, swimming pool, transportation arrangement, first aid facilities etc. While developing the product, the quality of services comprising of efficiency, personal attention become significant. According to Carla Gold GM Radisson hotel, Cleveland A good supply chain management starts with Hotel operator knowing the upcoming business demand. Optimum inventory management is required to minimize the cost. The tourist organizations cant think in favour of an optimal product strategy, if classified and unclassified hotels of different grades or stars are not easily available to the tourists. Unplanned development of accommodation sector can hamper the quality holiday experience of the tourist. Transport All ingredients of tourism product fail in getting positive response, if the tourists do not experience comforts while travelling or while coming to the destination. It is not possible that all the tourist sites are directly linked to the airports. Hence other transportation facilities like railways and road transport facilities become significant. The tourist organization may also offer services but most of the guest prefers to avail private transportation services. This makes it essential that the transport facilities are well integrated. The tourist should be offered safe, fast, convenient and economic transport services. Since all the tourists cannot avail air services, the railways and roadways are required to develop planned way. The schedule and speed should be maintained. The number of visitors to a country also depends on the ease with which tourists are able to obtain Visas and sail through immigration procedures. At Muscat international airport immigration procedures are b eing modernised to cut the wait for travellers. To speed up the processing of registration and to take care of security of the travellers electronic gates are installed. Hong Kong International Airport has been named best airport in the world by Skytrax. Travellers look for speed and maximum time utilization in the airport, clean washrooms, seating availability, and prices charged at food and beverage outlets, and how helpful the airport staffs are. The transport operators should behave properly, so that the tourists are motivated. The seating arrangements should be comfortable. The drivers and the conductors and other window staff should behave properly. At any cost, there should not be any compromise with the safety principles. It is important to mention that the inadequate airline capacity is critical bottle neck in are travel to and fro India, particularly during peak season. Charters not only augment air capacity but also help in promoting new destinations. This necessitates adequate attention for upgrading transporting facilities, in important tourist centres. Rail transportation needs to develop special fascination for foreign tourists. It is appreciated palace on wheels scheme. The coast line and back water areas need an intensive care. The possibility of having ship cruises along with coast line and the potential offered by the back waters of Kerela and sunderbans (West Bengal) for river cruises are required to be fully tapped. Food and crafts In many cases tour operators use local food and crafts as one of the tourist attractions of their packages Food and crafts can generate considerable profits for the local population, when volume production and delivery at set quality standards can be met by local producers. Key issues for local sourcing of food supplies in the tourism sector are quality, reliability and quantity of supply. Promotion of local sourcing therefore requires training and technical support and investment for example in storage and distribution facilities to meet quality and reliability standards, as well as the development of production and distribution networks to gather supplies from different local producers into the quantities required by hotels. Few tour operators have supply chain initiatives on the production and distribution of local, sustainable food and crafts, but some work with their local suppliers to promote local sourcing of food and other local products. Small hotels are more likely to buy from local suppliers, while some large hotels have developed programmes to encourage local production at the standards they require. This generally requires constant supervision and commitment, and success is often linked to championing of local sourcing by hotel chefs. Local sourcing and production will usually improve the contribution of tourism to the local economy, both financially and in terms of employment, and may also help to preserve local skills in craft production. For example Surajkund Crafts Mela, is the prominent tourist destination of Haryana, India. The Mela attracts lakhs of visitors, both for the amazing range of interesting crafts it showcases as well as the relaxing rural ambience of the Mela grounds. Besides shopping to your hearts content, you can also witness beautiful, colourful folk dances and also savour delicacies of various states of India. Destinations In relation to the tourism supply chain and direct inputs to tourism, destinations provide infrastructure and services. Destination initiatives for sustainable tourism seek to improve the quality of infrastructure for example, through improvements to waste management infrastructure for solid wastes and awareness raising programmes on waste management practices , to transport systems and to reduce vehicle impacts and to increase the ability of the destination to gain from tourism. Other initiatives include the promotion of linkages between tourism sites, and promotion of a wider range of tourism activities to encourage tourists to sample different aspects of the country and thereby diversify and spread the economic benefits of tourism. A number of initiatives in destinations in many developing countries are designed to enhance local employment in tourism, such as by supporting the substitution of locally-grown and locally-manufactured products in place of imports in the tourism sector, the establishment of investment and loan funds to assist local tourism businesses to start and expand, or the setting up of employment bureaux to match employees with tourism jobs. Some destinations have set up local quality of life and sustainability programmes using sustainability indicators to monitor environmental quality, and in some cases, biodiversity, as well as monitoring visitor satisfaction and changes in tourism markets. Marketing, products and operations can then be adapted according to the monitoring information obtained. The Taj Mahal one of the Seven Wonders of the World in India attracts 2 to 4 million visitors every year with more than 200,000 from overseas. Polluting traffic is not allowed near the complex and tourist must either walk from the car parks or catch an electric bus. For security reasons only five items water in transparent bottles, small video cameras, still cameras, mobile phones and small ladies-purse are not allowed inside the Taj Mahal. Conclusions Based on various discussions in the above paper, it can be concluded that rules/ trends/models of supply chain management of manufacturing technology holds good for service sector also with reference to tourism Various aspects of services with reference to tourism are discussed separately. This paper discusses that there are many components in tourism. In each component like Accommodation, transport, food and Crafts Destination etc. there is need for Supply Chain Management to deliver quality service resulting in satisfying experience or tourist satisfaction. From the discussions in the paper it can be concluded, higher the integration of services within a particular sector (intra relationship) and also amongst the different sectors (inter relationship) of tourism, greater is the competitive advantage. Services in tourism like security of tourists, minimum waiting time at different locations, Environment friendly operations etc forms the important constituents in strategies of SCM. Supply Chain Management is a strategic tool which leads in cost reduction, optimum utilization of resource, sustainability resulting in leadership in todays global competitive market. References Jha, S.M.: Services marketing; H.P.H., Bombay, 1994. Predictions that will make you rethink your supply Chain; Supply chain management review; September/October 2002; Anderson Supplier OEM Sahay, B. S. (2000). Supply Chain Management for global competitiveness, Macmillan India Berry and Parsuraman, Marketing Services: Competing through quality (New York: The Free Press), 1991 Web sites visited: http://tourism.gov.in/statistics/statistics.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply_chain_management www.http:// ITT9603 Tourism and Information Technology.htm http://www.fincorp.net/reports/tourism sector report-09-04.pdf http://www.tourism.govt.nz/tourism-toolkit/toolkit-word-docs/planning-checklist-TOUR-IND-INVEN.doc
Friday, January 17, 2020
Death of a Salesman Essay
An essay on the use of dashes in Arthur Millerââ¬â¢s play, Death of a Salesman The dash is a handy device, informal and essentially playful, telling you that youââ¬â¢re about to take off on a different tack but still in some way connected with the present course ââ¬â only you have to remember that the dash is there, and either put a second dash at the end of the notion to let the reader know that heââ¬â¢s back on course, or else end the sentence, as here, with a period. __ Lewis Thomas How does a writer ââ¬â a good writer ââ¬â convey epiphanies exactly so that itââ¬â¢s grammatically appropriate for ââ¬â eureka! ââ¬â a dash is used ââ¬â placed just so ââ¬â to convey, establish ââ¬â a mood, feeling, tone ââ¬â a character feels ââ¬â whilst saying a line, monologue ââ¬â even an exclamation ââ¬â wherein characters experience a lot of feeling and ââ¬â dominance is implied when a line is ended by a dash ââ¬â interruption in short ââ¬â by another character ââ¬â allowing the reader to see ââ¬â feel ââ¬â the personality ââ¬â traits, characteristics ââ¬â of a character subtlety. This simple line ââ¬â the dash ââ¬â is a many faceted gem ââ¬â a treasure ââ¬â that can be used to highlight many ideas ââ¬â key terms ââ¬â certain events jump off the page because of the use of a dash ââ¬â rather than an ellipsis ââ¬â causes a noticeable break ââ¬â a sharp break ââ¬â unlike that of an ellipsis ââ¬â which immediately gives off the impression of abruptness ââ¬â just as it appears visually ââ¬â a sharp-edged line in the center of a line that breaks the fluidity of words ââ¬â just as the dash in a sentence breaks the flow of thought or conversation. Dashes ââ¬â menial as they are ââ¬â give substance to a pause, break ââ¬â charging it with emotion and meaning ââ¬â no number of words could do the same. Although dashes may seem like a punctuation mark so rarely used, it is an integral tool in writing conversations. The dash represents a discontinuation of an intended statement ââ¬â a visual representation of the abruptly derailed trail of a train of thought ââ¬â allows the writer to interrupt characters ââ¬â as is normal in an average conversation ââ¬â like most of Linda and Willyââ¬â¢s conversations. Lindaââ¬â¢s lines are often ended by a dash ââ¬â interrupted by another speaker ââ¬â subtlety informing the reader of Lindaââ¬â¢s subservient personality. The dashes imply the abruptness of Willyââ¬â¢s interruptions ââ¬â thereby insinuating that he doesnââ¬â¢t listen to her ââ¬â including times when she expresses her adoration for him ââ¬â clarifying that Willyââ¬â¢s view ââ¬â behavior ââ¬â towards Linda is rather poor- which in turn personifies Willyââ¬â¢s personality. ââ¬Å"Linda: You are, Willy. The handsomest man. Youââ¬â¢ve got no reason to feel that- Willy: Iââ¬â¢ll make it all up to you, Linda, Iââ¬â¢ll- Linda: Thereââ¬â¢s nothing to make up, dear. Youââ¬â¢re doing fine, better than- Willy: Whatââ¬â¢s that? Linda: Just mending my stockings. Theyââ¬â¢re so expensive- Willy: I wonââ¬â¢t have you mending socks in this house! Now throw them out! â⬠(Page 39) This whole conversation establishes the relationship between Willy and Linda ââ¬â Willy being the dominant ââ¬â though insensible ââ¬â one, while Linda is the subservient ââ¬â although quite practical one ââ¬â as well as giving insight to Willyââ¬â¢s guilt over the woman ââ¬â all done with four appropriately placed dashes at the end of a characterââ¬â¢s lines. However, dashes are not only useful at the end of lines but in the midst of a sentence as well. Just as the dash on the page is a break from the stream of words ââ¬â a break in the voice is represented by a dash on the page. Thus, when a character is overcome by emotions, a dash is placed in the proper place in the sentenceââ¬â¢s structure and a feeling of overwhelming portions is conveyed to the reader. In a tragic play such as Death of a Salesman, the proper use of the dash is essential to establish certain key conversations ââ¬â and the significance of the feelings of the character ââ¬â and their significance in the overall meaning of the story line. Such a conversation is seen when Willy is affirmed of Biffââ¬â¢s love (Page 133) ââ¬â where there was placed four dashes upon the page ââ¬â in the span of the conversation ââ¬â each of which insinuates a great deal of emotion. It is these emotions that help build the tragedy in the story line ââ¬â characterizing Willy and Biff in the process. When Biff tells his mom ââ¬â or whoever it is he is speaking to ââ¬â to put Willy to bed ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Put him-put him to bed. â⬠ââ¬â the dash stresses the exhaustion that Biff feels ââ¬â his inability to finish his sentence implies a deep caring for his father ââ¬â an overwhelming emotion. It is the strength of this emotion that astonishes Willy and awakens Willy to the fact that Biff still loves him, and the following lines he says are also broken with dashes ââ¬â so choked with love and boundless joy is he ââ¬â ââ¬Å"That boy-that boy is going to be magnificent! â⬠(Page 133). These statements foreshadow Willyââ¬â¢s decision to kill himself for the sake of his sons ââ¬â making an impact ââ¬â greater or equal to that of ââ¬â Willyââ¬â¢s statement on page 98 ââ¬â where he states ââ¬Å"After all highways, and the trains, and the appointments, and the years, you end up worth more dead than alive. â⬠Both statements imply that Willy is going to commit suicide, playing against each other. The quote on page 98 establishes that Willy was considering the option ââ¬â the possibility ââ¬â while the conversation with Ben ââ¬â prior to Biffââ¬â¢s outburst ââ¬â acknowledges the cause of Willyââ¬â¢s hesitance and indecisiveness ââ¬â the effect the suicide would leave on Biff ââ¬â the opinion that Biff would have of him afterward. Thus, when Willy is offered that which is all he really wants ââ¬â his life as it was before, with a loving relationship with his Adonis son and the admiration that this son once had for him ââ¬â through Biffââ¬â¢s compassionate voice and tears ââ¬â Willy makes a definite choice as to what he intends to do ââ¬â first seen in his line ââ¬Å"That boy-that boy is going to be magnificent! â⬠(Page 133). It is this line that resolves the inner conflict that Willy feels over Biff and over his lack of success ââ¬â it is in this line that Willy decides to kill himself. Without the use of the dashes, the emotions would not have been conveyed to the reader appropriately ââ¬â losing its power and significance in the overall storyline. Another significant line ââ¬â dash ââ¬â in the play ââ¬â though not necessarily filled with emotion ââ¬â begins Biffââ¬â¢s voyage into realization and truth. A dash can represent a hesitance ââ¬â changing of mind ââ¬â as to what must be said to convey the thoughts ââ¬â and sometimes feelings ââ¬â of the character. ââ¬Å"I tell ya, Hap, I donââ¬â¢t know what the future is. I donââ¬â¢t know-what Iââ¬â¢m supposed to want. â⬠The dash before ââ¬Å"what Iââ¬â¢m supposed to want,â⬠allows the reader to realize that Biffââ¬â¢s restlessness and lack of success is not failure ââ¬â not in the true sense of the word, for Biff would have to truly attempt ââ¬â thus want ââ¬â success in order to fail. Biffââ¬â¢s definition of success is different to that of his familyââ¬â¢s and this makes him uneasy ââ¬â insecure as to what his life really means. This dash allows the reader to acknowledge that Biff is at a loss of exact words to define what he means and the thoughts running through his head. It is this pause that changes the overall meaning of the sentence ââ¬â without the pause, the sentence would pass over ââ¬â unnoticed. The pause ââ¬â dash ââ¬â underlines Biffââ¬â¢s uncertainty which continues throughout the play ââ¬â until Biff realizes the absurdity of his situation and awakens. The dash informs the reader that here lies Biffââ¬â¢s conflict ââ¬â this dash is the resolution wherein the conflict is introduced. The dash ââ¬â is the conflict. As a modern tragedy, Death of a Salesman is ââ¬â when broken down ââ¬â an informal play, thus the dash is the perfect punctuation for the certain situations -and sentences ââ¬â that needed to be highlighted in the subconscious. The dash evokes an awareness that is subtle ââ¬â sliding beneath our mindââ¬â¢s eye ââ¬â to implant ideas ââ¬â emotions and feelings ââ¬â thereby creating importance to an event ââ¬â or phrase. When a dash is used, itââ¬â¢s used to emphasize ââ¬â and encourage analysis of ââ¬â a phrase. The involuntary response to a dash should be curiosity ââ¬â as to the purpose of this dash. A dash is not so easily used and is thus, so rarely seen. Therefore when a dash is used in writing ââ¬â be it at the end of a line or in the midst of a sentence ââ¬â ââ¬Å"so attention must be paidâ⬠1! Bibliography: Arthur Miller (1949) Death of a Salesman Penguin Books USA Inc. 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA 1 Page 56 said by Linda. Jolene Kui September 6, 2002
Thursday, January 9, 2020
Solutions to Chapter 26 (Leasing)-Brealey Myers Corporate...
CHAPTER 26 Leasing Answers to Practice Questions 8. The present value of the costs and the present value of the lease payments are shown in the following table: | |t = 0 |t = 1 |t = 2 |t = 3 |t = 4 |t = 5 |t = 6 | |Initial Cost |-3000.00 | | | | | | | |Depreciation | | 600.00 | 960.00 | 576.00 | 345.60 | 345.60 | 172.80 | |Depreciation tax shield | | 210.00 | 336.00 | 201.60 | 120.96 | 120.96 | 60.48 | |After-tax admin.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦We use the 9% discount rate in order to find the real value of the payments (i.e., $723.53). Then each of the subsequent payments reflects the 5% inflation rate. Solve for the break-even rent as follows: Break-even rent = $723.53/(1 ââ¬â 0.35) = $1,113.13 b. With a reduction in real lease rates of 10% each year, the nominal lease amount will decrease by 5.5% each year. That is, the nominal lease rate is multiplied by a factor of (1.05 ( 0.9) = 0.945 eachShow MoreRelatedFactors That Influence the Capital Structure Decision of the Firm9372 Words à |à 38 PagesDeclaration ii Acknowledgement iii Abstract iv Table of Contents v CHAPTER 1. 1.0 INTRODUCTIONâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.....â⬠¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦1 1.1 BACKGROUNDâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦.....................1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..2 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. â⬠¦3 1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY â⬠¦...â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦..â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.......4 CHAPTER 2 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦5 2.1 INTRODUCTION â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.â⬠¦.â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.5Read MoreManaging Strategy6237 Words à |à 25 Pages 25 International Business 26 Module Description 26 Learning Outcomes 26 Indicative Content 26 Indicative Reading list 27 Sample Questions 28-32 1. Module Title: Financial Management and Analysis Module Lecturer: SA Palan and Makailla McConnel 1. Module Description: This module provides a comprehensive coverage of financial management from a corporate perspective, together with a comprehensive coverage
Wednesday, January 1, 2020
Aliphatic Amino Acid Definition
An amino acid is an organic molecule characterizedà by having a carboxyl group (-COOH), amino group (-NH2), and side chain. One type of side chain is aliphatic: Aliphatic Amino Acid Definition An aliphatic amino acid is an amino acid containing an aliphatic side chain functional group.Aliphatic amino acids are non-polar and hydrophobic. Hydrophobicity increases as the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbon chain increases. Most aliphatic amino acids are found within protein molecules. However, alanine and glycine may be found either inside or outside a protein molecule. Aliphatic Amino Acid Examples Alanine, isoleucine, leucine, proline, and valine, are all aliphatic amino acids. Methionine is sometimes considered an aliphatic amino acid even though the side chain contains a sulfur atom because it is fairly non-reactive like the true aliphatic amino acids.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)